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Advancement of Android from Ancient Time to Present Time and Contribution of Various Countries in the Research and Development of the Humanoid Platform
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International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA)
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Volume:  1    Issue:  2
Pages:  26-56
Publication Date:   July 2010
ISSN (Online): 2180-1312
Pages 
42 - 56
Author(s)  
Akhtaruzzaman Akhter - Malaysia
Amir A. Shafie - Malaysia
 
Published Date   
10-08-2010 
Publisher 
CSC Journals, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Keywords   Abstract   References   Cited by   Related Articles   Collaborative Colleague
 
KEYWORDS:   Evolution of Humanoid Robot, Android, Biped Robot , History of Androids, Humanoid Robot 
 
 
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A human like autonomous robot which is capable to adapt itself with the changing of its environment and continue to reach its goal is considered as Humanoid Robot. These characteristics differs the humanoid from the other kind of robots. In recent years there has been much progress in the development of humanoid and still there are a lot of scopes in this field. A number of research groups are interested in this area and trying to design and develop a various platforms of Androids based on mechanical and biological concept. Many researchers focus on the designing of lower torso to make the robot navigating as like as a normal human being do. Designing the lower torso which includes west, hip, knee, ankle and toe, is the more complex and more challenging task. Upper torso design is another complex but interesting task that includes the designing of arms and neck. Analysis of walking gait, optimal control of multiple motors or other actuators, controlling the Degree of Freedom (DOF), adaptability control and intelligence are also the challenging tasks to make a humanoid system behaves more like a human. Basically research on this field combines a variety of disciplines which make it more thought-provoking area in Mechatronics Engineering. In this paper a various platforms for humanoid robot development are identified and described based on the evolutionary research on robotics. The paper also depicts a virtual map of humanoid platform development from the ancient time to present time. It is very important to analyze the development phases of androids because of its business, educational and research values. Basic comparisons between the different design specifications of humanoid structures are also analyzed in this paper. 
 
 
 
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6 Eddie Choong, Chee-Meng Chew, Aun-Neow Poo and Geok-Soon Hong “Mechanical Design Of An Anthropomorphic Bipedal Robot”. First Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technology, Communication and Control Environment and Management (HNICEM) International Conference, March 27-30, 2003, Manila, Philippines.
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14 “Biped Walking Robot”. http://www.humanoid.waseda.ac.jp/booklet/kato_4.html (April 8, 2010, 10:00PM).
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18 “Second Humanoid Robot In France Welcomed”. Science News, Science Daily (February 28, 2007). http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/02/070213142711.htm
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21 “iCub.org” http://www.icub.org/ (April 26, 2010, 11:12PM).
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23 Feroz Ahmed Siddiky, Mohammed Shamsul Alam and Tanveer Ahsan. “High Performance Reliable Obstacle Detection and Height Measurement by Stereo Camera for Intelligent Home Service Robot”. Proceedings of International Conference on Computer and Information Technology 2007, (ICCIT 2007). UIU Dhaka, Bangladesh. 27-29 Dec. 2007. Page: 93 – 98.
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25 Toru Takenaka. “The control system for the Honda Humanoid Robot”. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Geriatrics Society. Age and Ageing 2006, 35-S2: ii24 – ii26.
26 Malachy Eaton, “Further Explorations in Evolutionary Humanoid Robotics”. Proceedings of 12th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics (ISAROB), Oita, Japan, January 25 – 27, 2007. Page: 133 – 137.
27 Md. Akhtaruzzaman, SK. Khirul Hasan, Dr. Amir A. Shafie, “Design and Development of an Intelligent Autonomous Mobile Robot For a Soccer Game Competition”. Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Mechanical and Electronics Engineering (ICMEE 2009), Chennai, India, June 27 – 29, 2009. Page: 167 – 171.
28 FA Siddiky, NH Siddique, MO Tokhi, “A New Approach to Design and Control of Biped Robot with Minimal Number of Actuators”. Proceedings of International Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots and Support Technologies for Mobile Machines 2009, 09th September 2009. Page: 115 – 122.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Akhtaruzzaman Akhter : Colleagues
Amir A. Shafie : Colleagues  
 
 
 
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